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Problems
Contests
International Contests
Middle European Mathematical Olympiad
2018 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad
2018 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad
Part of
Middle European Mathematical Olympiad
Subcontests
(8)
3
2
Hide problems
AP ,BQ,CR are concurrent
Let
A
B
C
ABC
A
BC
be an acute-angled triangle with
A
B
<
A
C
,
AB<AC,
A
B
<
A
C
,
and let
D
D
D
be the foot of its altitude from
A
.
A.
A
.
Let
R
R
R
and
Q
Q
Q
be the centroids of triangles
A
B
D
ABD
A
B
D
and
A
C
D
ACD
A
C
D
, respectively. Let
P
P
P
be a point on the line segment
B
C
BC
BC
such that
P
≠
D
P \neq D
P
=
D
and points
P
P
P
Q
Q
Q
R
R
R
and
D
D
D
are concyclic .Prove that the lines
A
P
AP
A
P
B
Q
BQ
BQ
and
C
R
CR
CR
are concurrent.
Pirates got killed
A graup of pirates had an argument and not each of them holds some other two at gunpoint.All the pirates are called one by one in some order.If the called pirate is still alive , he shoots both pirates he is aiming at ( some of whom might already be dead .) All shorts are immediatcly lethal . After all the pirates have been called , it turns out the exactly
28
28
28
pirates got killed . Prove that if the pirates were called in whatever other order , at least
10
10
10
pirates would have been killed anyway.
5
1
Hide problems
DHMO is a parallelogram
Let
A
B
C
ABC
A
BC
be an acute-angled triangle with
A
B
<
A
C
,
AB<AC,
A
B
<
A
C
,
and let
D
D
D
be the foot of its altitude from
A
,
A,
A
,
points
B
′
B'
B
′
and
C
′
C'
C
′
lie on the rays
A
B
AB
A
B
and
A
C
,
AC,
A
C
,
respectively , so that points
B
′
,
B',
B
′
,
C
′
C'
C
′
and
D
D
D
are collinear and points
B
,
B,
B
,
C
,
C,
C
,
B
′
B'
B
′
and
C
′
C'
C
′
lie on one circle with center
O
.
O.
O
.
Prove that if
M
M
M
is the midpoint of
B
C
BC
BC
and
H
H
H
is the orthocenter of
A
B
C
,
ABC,
A
BC
,
then
D
H
M
O
DHMO
DH
MO
is a parallelogram.
7
1
Hide problems
a_n is divisible by p
Let
a
1
,
a
2
,
a
3
,
⋯
a_1,a_2,a_3,\cdots
a
1
,
a
2
,
a
3
,
⋯
be the sequence of positive integers such that
a
1
=
1
,
a
k
+
1
=
a
k
3
+
1
,
a_1=1 , a_{k+1}=a^3_k+1,
a
1
=
1
,
a
k
+
1
=
a
k
3
+
1
,
for all positive integers
k
.
k.
k
.
Prove that for every prime number
p
p
p
of the form
3
l
+
2
,
3l +2,
3
l
+
2
,
where
l
l
l
is a non-negative integer ,there exists a positive integer
n
n
n
such that
a
n
a_n
a
n
is divisible by
p
.
p.
p
.
6
1
Hide problems
Prove that AW=WT
Let
A
B
C
ABC
A
BC
be a triangle . The internal bisector of
A
B
C
ABC
A
BC
intersects the side
A
C
AC
A
C
at
L
L
L
and the circumcircle of
A
B
C
ABC
A
BC
again at
W
≠
B
.
W \neq B.
W
=
B
.
Let
K
K
K
be the perpendicular projection of
L
L
L
onto
A
W
.
AW.
A
W
.
the circumcircle of
B
L
C
BLC
B
L
C
intersects line
C
K
CK
C
K
again at
P
≠
C
.
P \neq C.
P
=
C
.
Lines
B
P
BP
BP
and
A
W
AW
A
W
meet at point
T
.
T.
T
.
Prove that
A
W
=
W
T
.
AW=WT.
A
W
=
W
T
.
4
2
Hide problems
A representation
Let
n
n
n
be a positive integer and
u
1
,
u
2
,
⋯
,
u
n
u_1,u_2,\cdots ,u_n
u
1
,
u
2
,
⋯
,
u
n
be positive integers not larger than
2
k
,
2^k,
2
k
,
for some integer
k
≥
3.
k\geq 3.
k
≥
3.
A representation of a non-negative integer
t
t
t
is a sequence of non-negative integers
a
1
,
a
2
,
⋯
,
a
n
a_1,a_2,\cdots ,a_n
a
1
,
a
2
,
⋯
,
a
n
such that
t
=
a
1
u
1
+
a
2
u
2
+
⋯
+
a
n
u
n
.
t=a_1u_1+a_2u_2+\cdots +a_nu_n.
t
=
a
1
u
1
+
a
2
u
2
+
⋯
+
a
n
u
n
.
Prove that if a non-negative integer
t
t
t
has a representation,then it also has a representation where less than
2
k
2k
2
k
of numbers
a
1
,
a
2
,
⋯
,
a
n
a_1,a_2,\cdots ,a_n
a
1
,
a
2
,
⋯
,
a
n
are non-zero.
p(2018)= p(2019)
(a) Prove that for every positive integer
m
m
m
there exists an integer
n
≥
m
n\ge m
n
≥
m
such that
⌊
n
1
⌋
⋅
⌊
n
2
⌋
⋯
⌊
n
m
⌋
=
(
n
m
)
(
∗
)
\left \lfloor \frac{n}{1} \right \rfloor \cdot \left \lfloor \frac{n}{2} \right \rfloor \cdots \left \lfloor \frac{n}{m} \right \rfloor =\binom{n}{m} \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ (*)
⌊
1
n
⌋
⋅
⌊
2
n
⌋
⋯
⌊
m
n
⌋
=
(
m
n
)
(
∗
)
(b) Denote by
p
(
m
)
p(m)
p
(
m
)
the smallest integer
n
≥
m
n \geq m
n
≥
m
such that the equation
(
∗
)
(*)
(
∗
)
holds. Prove that
p
(
2018
)
=
p
(
2019
)
.
p(2018) = p(2019).
p
(
2018
)
=
p
(
2019
)
.
Remark: For a real number
x
,
x,
x
,
we denote by
⌊
x
⌋
\left \lfloor x \right \rfloor
⌊
x
⌋
the largest integer not larger than
x
.
x.
x
.
2
2
Hide problems
A polynomial with rational coefficients
Let
P
(
x
)
P(x)
P
(
x
)
be a polynomial of degree
n
≥
2
n\geq 2
n
≥
2
with rational coefficients such that
P
(
x
)
P(x)
P
(
x
)
has
n
n
n
pairwise different reel roots forming an arithmetic progression .Prove that among the roots of
P
(
x
)
P(x)
P
(
x
)
there are two that are also the roots of some polynomial of degree
2
2
2
with rational coefficients .
The rest of the board cannot be cut into staircases
The two figures depicted below consisting of
6
6
6
and
10
10
10
unit squares, respectively, are called staircases. Consider a
2018
×
2018
2018\times 2018
2018
×
2018
board consisting of
201
8
2
2018^2
201
8
2
cells, each being a unit square. Two arbitrary cells were removed from the same row of the board. Prove that the rest of the board cannot be cut (along the cell borders) into staircases (possibly rotated).
8
1
Hide problems
Silesian integers
An integer
n
n
n
is called silesian if there exist positive integers
a
,
b
a,b
a
,
b
and
c
c
c
such that
n
=
a
2
+
b
2
+
c
2
a
b
+
b
c
+
c
a
.
n=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}.
n
=
ab
+
b
c
+
c
a
a
2
+
b
2
+
c
2
.
(
a
)
(a)
(
a
)
prove that there are infinitely many silesian integers.
(
b
)
(b)
(
b
)
prove that not every positive integer is silesian.
1
2
Hide problems
Simple inequality
Let
a
,
b
a,b
a
,
b
and
c
c
c
be positive real numbers satisfying
a
b
c
=
1.
abc=1.
ab
c
=
1.
Prove that
a
2
−
b
2
a
+
b
c
+
b
2
−
c
2
b
+
c
a
+
c
2
−
a
2
c
+
a
b
≤
a
+
b
+
c
−
3.
\frac{a^2-b^2}{a+bc}+\frac{b^2-c^2}{b+ca}+\frac{c^2-a^2}{c+ab}\leq a+b+c-3.
a
+
b
c
a
2
−
b
2
+
b
+
c
a
b
2
−
c
2
+
c
+
ab
c
2
−
a
2
≤
a
+
b
+
c
−
3.
Determine all functions
Let
Q
+
Q^+
Q
+
denote the set of all positive rational number and let
α
∈
Q
+
.
\alpha\in Q^+.
α
∈
Q
+
.
Determine all functions
f
:
Q
+
→
(
α
,
+
∞
)
f:Q^+ \to (\alpha,+\infty )
f
:
Q
+
→
(
α
,
+
∞
)
satisfying
f
(
x
+
y
α
)
=
f
(
x
)
+
f
(
y
)
α
f(\frac{ x+y}{\alpha}) =\frac{ f(x)+f(y)}{\alpha}
f
(
α
x
+
y
)
=
α
f
(
x
)
+
f
(
y
)
for all
x
,
y
∈
Q
+
.
x,y\in Q^+ .
x
,
y
∈
Q
+
.