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sequence of tangent circles inside regular polygon

Source: III All-Ukrainian Tournament of Young Mathematicians, Qualifying p13

May 20, 2021
geometrytangent circlesregular polygonUkrainian TYM

Problem Statement

Inside the regular nn -gon MM with side aa there are nn equal circles so that each touches two adjacent sides of the polygon MM and two other circles. Inside the formed "star", which is bounded by arcs, these nn equal circles are reconstructed so that each touches the two adjacent circles built in the previous step, and two more newly built circles. This process will take kk steps. Find the area Sn(k)S_n (k) of the "star", which is formed in the center of the polygon MM. Consider the spatial analogue of this problem.