MathDB
Repetition in sequences

Source: Serbian Mathematical Olympiad 2021, P6

May 14, 2021
combinatoricsSequences

Problem Statement

A finite sequence of natural numbers a1,a2,,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n is given. A sub-sequence ak+1,ak+2,,ala_{k+1}, a_{k+2}, \dots, a_l will be called a repetition if there exists a natural number plk2p\leq \frac{l-k}2 such that ai=ai+pa_i=a_{i+p} for k+1ilpk+1\leq i\leq l-p, but aiai+pa_i\neq a_{i+p} for i=ki=k (if k>0k>0) and i=lp+1i=l-p+1 (if l<nl<n).
Show that the sequence contains less than nn repetitions.