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Subcontests

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1984 MMPC , Part 2 = Michigan Mathematics Prize Competition

p1. For what integers nn is 26+29+2n2^6 + 2^9 + 2^n the square of an integer?
p2. Two integers are chosen at random (independently, with repetition allowed) from the set {1,2,3,...,N}\{1,2,3,...,N\}. Show that the probability that the sum of the two integers is even is not less than the probability that the sum is odd.
p3. Let XX be a point in the second quadrant of the plane and let YY be a point in the first quadrant. Locate the point MM on the xx-axis such that the angle XMXM makes with the negative end of the xx-axis is twice the angle YMYM makes with the positive end of the xx-axis.
p4. Let a,ba,b be positive integers such that ab3a \ge b \sqrt3. Let αn=(a+b3)n=an+bn3\alpha^n = (a + b\sqrt3)^n = a_n + b_n\sqrt3 for n=1,2,3,...n = 1,2,3,.... i. Prove that limn+anbn\lim_{n \to + \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} exists. ii. Evaluate this limit.
p5. Suppose mm and nn are the hypotenuses are of Pythagorean triangles, i.e,, there are positive integers a,b,c,da,b,c,d, so that m2=a2+b2m^2 = a^2 + b^2 and n2=c2+d2n^2= c^2 + d^2. Show than mnmn is the hypotenuse of at least two distinct Pythagorean triangles.
Hint: you may not assume that the pair (a,b)(a,b) is different from the pair (c,d)(c,d).
PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here.