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2007 Chile Classification NMO Juniors

Part of Chile Classification NMO Juniors

Subcontests

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2007 Chile Classification / Qualifying NMO Juniors XIX

p1. Determine for which real numbers xx the identity x+1=x+1|x + 1| = |x| + 1 is satisfied.
p2. In the rectangle in the figure, whose base is twice the height, we construct the two quarter-circles with centers at the lower vertices as shown. And the circles tangent to both quarter-circles and to the previous one (except the first which is tangent to the top side of the rectangle). Let RR denote the height of the rectangle and list the circles tangent in order of decreasing sizes. Prove that d1=R2d_1 =\frac{R}{2}, where d1d_1 denotes the diameter of the first circle. https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/9/0/cb88775ffeedea002b75bc760d7c2ccfe4c197.jpg
p3. On the island of Camelot, there are 1313 red, 1515 green and 1717 yellow chameleons. When two different colors are found, they change simultaneously to the third color. Can the situation occur in which all chameleons have the same color? Justify your answer.
p4. Let n be a natural number. It is known that we can write n3n^3 as the sum of nn consecutive odd natural numbers. For instance 13=11^3 = 1, 23=3+52^3 = 3 + 5, 33=7+9+113^3 = 7 + 9 + 11, 43=13+15+17+194^3 = 13 + 15 + 17 + 19. Determine the first and last of the 7272 consecutive odd numbers used to represent 72372^3 as above.
p5. Let aa be a digit between 1 1 and 99. We will denote aa...antimes\underbrace{aa...a}_{n \,\, times} the number whose decimal expression is formed by nn digits equal to aa. \bullet Prove that the identity aa...antimes=an\underbrace{aa...a}_{n \,\, times}= a^n is not satisfied for any integer n>1n> 1. \bullet For no n>1n> 1 can aa...antimes\underbrace{aa...a}_{n \,\, times} be a perfect square.
p6. Find all pairs of prime numbers such that their sum and difference are also primes.
PS. Juniors P3 was also [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4h2692684p23377175]Seniors P3.