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PAMO Problem 3: A sequence of integers which is eventually pseudo geometric

Source: 2021 Pan-African Mathematics Olympiad, Problem 3

May 24, 2021
number theoryprime numbersgeometric sequencePAMO

Problem Statement

Let (ai)iN(a_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}} and (pi)iN(p_i)_{i\in \mathbb{N}} be two sequences of positive integers such that the following conditions hold:   a12\bullet ~~a_1\ge 2.   pn\bullet~~ p_n is the smallest prime divisor of ana_n for every integer n1n\ge 1   an+1=an+anpn\bullet~~ a_{n+1}=a_n+\frac{a_n}{p_n} for every integer n1n\ge 1 Prove that there is a positive integer NN such that an+3=3ana_{n+3}=3a_n for every integer n>Nn>N