MathDB
2021 Team #4

Source:

June 27, 2021
Summationcombinatorics

Problem Statement

Let kk and nn be positive integers and let S={(a1,,ak)Zk    0aka1n,a1++ak=n}S=\{(a_1,\ldots,a_k)\in \mathbb{Z}^{k}\;|\; 0\leq a_k\leq\cdots\leq a_1 \leq n,a_1+\cdots+a_k=n\}. Determine, with proof, the value of (a1,,ak)S(na1)(a1a2)(ak1ak)\sum_{(a_1,\ldots,a_k)\in S}\binom{n}{a_1}\binom{a_1}{a_2}\cdots\binom{a_{k-1}}{a_k} in terms of kk and nn, where the sum is over all kk-tuples in SS.