MathDB
Fascinating numbers

Source: 2021 Peru Cono Sur TST P2

July 11, 2023
number theory

Problem Statement

For each positive integer kk we denote by S(k)S(k) the sum of its digits, for example S(132)=6S(132)=6 and S(1000)=1S(1000)=1. A positive integer nn is said to be <spanclass=latexbold>fascinating</span><span class='latex-bold'>fascinating</span> if it holds that n=kS(k)n = \frac{k}{S(k)} for some positive integer kk. For example, the number 1111 is <spanclass=latexbold>fascinating</span><span class='latex-bold'>fascinating</span> since 11=198S(198)(11 = \frac{198}{S(198)} (since 198S(198)=1981+9+8=19818=11)\frac{198}{S(198)}=\frac{198}{1+9+8}=\frac{198}{18} = 11). Prove that there exists a positive integer less than 20212021 and that it is not <spanclass=latexbold>fascinating</span><span class='latex-bold'>fascinating</span>.