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x^3+x is a surjection mod n

Source: APMO 2014 Problem 3

March 28, 2014
modular arithmeticquadraticsnumber theoryprime numbersDivisibilityHi

Problem Statement

Find all positive integers nn such that for any integer kk there exists an integer aa for which a3+aāˆ’ka^3+a-k is divisible by nn.
Warut Suksompong, Thailand