BMO 2021 Problem 4
Source: Balkan MO Problem 4
September 8, 2021
Balkan Mathematics Olympiad
Problem Statement
Problem 4. Angel has a warehouse, which initially contains piles of pieces of rubbish each. Each morning, Angel performs exactly one of the following moves:
(a) He clears every piece of rubbish from a single pile.
(b) He clears one piece of rubbish from each pile.However, every evening, a demon sneaks into the warehouse and performs exactly one of the
following moves:
(a) He adds one piece of rubbish to each non-empty pile.
(b) He creates a new pile with one piece of rubbish.What is the first morning when Angel can guarantee to have cleared all the rubbish from the
warehouse?