Couples and Friends Choosing Numbers
Source: KJMO 2021 P6
November 13, 2021
combinatoricsgraph theory
Problem Statement
In a meeting of people, there are couples, each consisting of two people. Suppose that and , in the meeting, are friends when they know each other. For a positive integer , each people chooses an integer from to so that the following conditions hold. (Two or more people may choose the same number). [*] Two or less people chose , and if exactly two people chose , they are coupled.
[*] Two people are either coupled or don't know each other if they chose the same number.
[*] Two people are either coupled or know each other if they chose two numbers that sum to . Determine the least possible value of for which such number selecting is always possible.