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Your level of friendship gets assessed

Source: 5th Memorial Mathematical Competition "Aleksandar Blazhevski - Cane" - Senior - Problem 6

January 29, 2024
graph theorycombinatorics

Problem Statement

In a group of 2n2n students, each student has exactly 33 friends within the group. The friendships are mutual and for each two students AA and BB which are not friends, there is a sequence C1,C2,...,CrC_1, C_2, ..., C_r of students such that AA is a friend of C1C_1, C1C_1 is a friend of C2C_2, et cetera, and CrC_r is a friend of BB. Every student was asked to assess each of his three friendships with: "acquaintance", "friend" and "BFF". It turned out that each student either gave the same assessment to all of his friends or gave every assessment exactly once. We say that a pair of students is in conflict if they gave each other different assessments. Let DD be the set of all possible values of the total number of conflicts.
Prove that D3n|D| \geq 3n with equality if and only if the group can be partitioned into two subsets such that each student is separated from all of his friends.