MathDB
Canadian MO 2021 P4

Source:

March 12, 2021
number theoryalgebra

Problem Statement

A function ff from the positive integers to the positive integers is called Canadian if it satisfies gcd(f(f(x)),f(x+y))=gcd(x,y)\gcd\left(f(f(x)), f(x+y)\right)=\gcd(x, y) for all pairs of positive integers xx and yy.
Find all positive integers mm such that f(m)=mf(m)=m for all Canadian functions ff.