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Find all n satisfying divisibility for all elements a of A

Source: Serbia NMO 2010 problem 3

March 11, 2011
number theory unsolvednumber theory

Problem Statement

Let AA be an infinite set of positive integers. Find all natural numbers nn such that for each a∈Aa \in A, a^n + a^{n-1} + \cdots + a^1 + 1 \mid a^{n!} + a^{(n-1)!} + \cdots   + a^{1!} + 1.
Proposed by Milos Milosavljevic