Purple Comet 2018 HS problem 20
Source:
March 19, 2020
probability
Problem Statement
Aileen plays badminton where she and her opponent stand on opposite sides of a net and attempt to bat a birdie back and forth over the net. A player wins a point if their opponent fails to bat the birdie over the net. When Aileen is the server (the first player to try to hit the birdie over the net), she wins a point with probability . Each time Aileen successfully bats the birdie over the net, her opponent, independent of all previous hits, returns the birdie with probability . Each time Aileen bats the birdie, independent of all previous hits, she returns the birdie with probability , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .