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Girls in Math at Yale 2022 Mathathon Round 1

Source:

March 7, 2022
number theorycombinatoricsYale

Problem Statement

p1 How many two-digit positive integers with distinct digits satisfy the conditions that 1) neither digit is 00, and 2) the units digit is a multiple of the tens digit?
p2 Mirabel has 4747 candies to pass out to a class with nn students, where 10n<2010\le n < 20. After distributing the candy as evenly as possible, she has some candies left over. Find the smallest integer kk such that Mirabel could have had kk leftover candies.
p3 Callie picks two distinct numbers from {1,2,3,4,5}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\} at random. The probability that the sum of the numbers she picked is greater than the sum of the numbers she didn’t pick is pp. pp can be expressed as ab\frac{a}{b} for positive integers a,ba, b with gcd(a,b)=1gcd (a, b) = 1. Find a+ba + b.