MathDB
Numbers on a Blackboard

Source: USAMO 2008 Problem 5

May 1, 2008
algorithmratioinductionmonovariantvectorAMCnumber theory

Problem Statement

Three nonnegative real numbers r1 r_1, r2 r_2, r3 r_3 are written on a blackboard. These numbers have the property that there exist integers a1 a_1, a2 a_2, a3 a_3, not all zero, satisfying a_1r_1 \plus{} a_2r_2 \plus{} a_3r_3 \equal{} 0. We are permitted to perform the following operation: find two numbers x x, y y on the blackboard with xy x \le y, then erase y y and write y \minus{} x in its place. Prove that after a finite number of such operations, we can end up with at least one 0 0 on the blackboard.