Numbers on a Blackboard
Source: USAMO 2008 Problem 5
May 1, 2008
algorithmratioinductionmonovariantvectorAMCnumber theory
Problem Statement
Three nonnegative real numbers , , are written on a blackboard. These numbers have the property that there exist integers , , , not all zero, satisfying a_1r_1 \plus{} a_2r_2 \plus{} a_3r_3 \equal{} 0. We are permitted to perform the following operation: find two numbers , on the blackboard with , then erase and write y \minus{} x in its place. Prove that after a finite number of such operations, we can end up with at least one on the blackboard.