MathDB
Calculus rather than inequalities

Source: German TST, IMO ShortList 2003, algebra problem 3

July 15, 2004
calculusinequalitiesSequencesboundedalgebraIMO Shortlist

Problem Statement

Consider pairs of the sequences of positive real numbers a1a2a3,b1b2b3a_1\geq a_2\geq a_3\geq\cdots,\qquad b_1\geq b_2\geq b_3\geq\cdots and the sums A_n = a_1 + \cdots + a_n,  B_n = b_1 + \cdots + b_n;\qquad n = 1,2,\ldots. For any pair define cn=min{ai,bi}c_n = \min\{a_i,b_i\} and Cn=c1++cnC_n = c_1 + \cdots + c_n, n=1,2,n=1,2,\ldots.
(1) Does there exist a pair (ai)i1(a_i)_{i\geq 1}, (bi)i1(b_i)_{i\geq 1} such that the sequences (An)n1(A_n)_{n\geq 1} and (Bn)n1(B_n)_{n\geq 1} are unbounded while the sequence (Cn)n1(C_n)_{n\geq 1} is bounded?
(2) Does the answer to question (1) change by assuming additionally that bi=1/ib_i = 1/i, i=1,2,i=1,2,\ldots?
Justify your answer.