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Sequence (c_n) that does not cross with sequence (b_n)

Source: Japanese MO Finals 1994

February 11, 2011
number theory unsolvednumber theory

Problem Statement

For any positive integer nn, let ana_n denote the closest integer to n\sqrt{n}, and let bn=n+anb_n=n+a_n. Determine the increasing sequence (cn)(c_n) of positive integers which do not occur in the sequence (bn)(b_n).