MathDB
Putnam 2004 A5

Source:

December 11, 2004
Putnamprobabilityinductiongeometryperimeterexpected valuecollege contests

Problem Statement

An m×nm\times n checkerboard is colored randomly: each square is independently assigned red or black with probability 12.\frac12. we say that two squares, pp and qq, are in the same connected monochromatic region if there is a sequence of squares, all of the same color, starting at pp and ending at q,q, in which successive squares in the sequence share a common side. Show that the expected number of connected monochromatic regions is greater than mn8.\frac{mn}8.