MathDB
Sequence number theory

Source: VMO 2023 day 1 P2

February 24, 2023
number theory

Problem Statement

Given are the integers a,b,c,α,βa , b , c, \alpha, \beta and the sequence (un)(u_n) is defined by u1=α,u2=β,un+2=aun+1+bun+cu_1=\alpha, u_2=\beta, u_{n+2}=au_{n+1}+bu_n+c for all n1n \geq 1.
a) Prove that if a=3,b=2,c=1a = 3 , b= -2 , c = -1 then there are infinitely many pairs of integers (α;β)(\alpha ; \beta) so that u2023=22022u_{2023}=2^{2022}.
b) Prove that there exists a positive integer n0n_0 such that only one of the following two statements is true:
i) There are infinitely many positive integers mm, such that un0un0+1un0+mu_{n_0}u_{n_0+1}\ldots u_{n_0+m} is divisible by 720237^{2023} or 17202317^{2023}
ii) There are infinitely many positive integers kk so that un0un0+1un0+k1u_{n_0}u_{n_0+1}\ldots u_{n_0+k}-1 is divisible by 20232023