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40 identical gas cylinders - All-Russian MO 1999 Regional (R4) 8.4

Source:

September 25, 2024
algebracombinatorics

Problem Statement

There are 4040 identical gas cylinders, gas pressure values in which we are unknown and may be evil. It is allowed to connect any cylinders with each other in an amount not exceeding a given natural number kk, and then separate them; while the pressure gas in the connected cylinders is set equal to the arithmetic average of the pressures in them before the connection. At what minimum kk is there a way to equalize the pressures in all 4040 cylinders, regardless of initial pressure distribution in the cylinders?