Source: Indian IMOTC 2013, Team Selection Test 3, Problem 1
July 30, 2013
combinatoricsInteger partitions
Problem Statement
For a positive integer n, a sum-friendly odd partition of n is a sequence (a1,a2,…,ak) of odd positive integers with a1≤a2≤⋯≤ak and a1+a2+⋯+ak=n such that for all positive integers m≤n, m can be uniquely written as a subsum m=ai1+ai2+⋯+air. (Two subsums ai1+ai2+⋯+air and aj1+aj2+⋯+ajs with i1<i2<⋯<ir and j1<j2<⋯<js are considered the same if r=s and ail=ajl for 1≤l≤r.) For example, (1,1,3,3) is a sum-friendly odd partition of 8. Find the number of sum-friendly odd partitions of 9999.