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PAMO Problem 5: Broken line covering centres of squares

Source: 2019 Pan-African Mathematics Olympiad, Problem 5

April 9, 2019
combinatoricsbroken linePAMO

Problem Statement

A square is divided into N2N^2 equal smaller non-overlapping squares, where N3N \geq 3. We are given a broken line which passes through the centres of all the smaller squares (such a broken line may intersect itself).
[*] Show that it is possible to find a broken line composed of 44 segments for N=3N = 3. [*] Find the minimum number of segments in this broken line for arbitrary NN.