Wizard101
Source: USAMO 2016, Problem 6
April 20, 2016
USAMOUSA(J)MOAMC2016 USAMO2016 USAMO Problem 6
Problem Statement
Integers and are given, with . You play the following game against an evil wizard.The wizard has cards; for each , there are two cards labeled . Initially, the wizard places all cards face down in a row, in unknown order.You may repeatedly make moves of the following form: you point to any of the cards. The wizard then turns those cards face up. If any two of the cards match, the game is over and you win. Otherwise, you must look away, while the wizard arbitrarily permutes the chosen cards and then turns them back face-down. Then, it is your turn again.We say this game is winnable if there exist some positive integer and some strategy that is guaranteed to win in at most moves, no matter how the wizard responds.For which values of and is the game winnable?