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\sum_{i=1}^n a_ix_i^2 +2\sum_{i=1}^{n-1} x_ix_{i+1} >0

Source: Austrian Polish 1988 APMC

April 30, 2020
inequalitiesSumalgebra

Problem Statement

If a1a2..ana_1 \le a_2 \le .. \le a_n are natural numbers (n2n \ge 2), show that the inequality i=1naixi2+2i=1n1xixi+1>0\sum_{i=1}^n a_ix_i^2 +2\sum_{i=1}^{n-1} x_ix_{i+1} >0 holds for all nn-tuples (x1,...,xn)(0,...,0)(x_1,...,x_n) \ne (0,..., 0) of real numbers if and only if a22a_2 \ge 2.