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Source: 2023 USAJMO Problem 3

March 23, 2023
rotationfunctionAMCUSA(J)MOUSAJMOcombinatoricsHi

Problem Statement

Consider an nn-by-nn board of unit squares for some odd positive integer nn. We say that a collection CC of identical dominoes is a maximal grid-aligned configuration on the board if CC consists of (n2āˆ’1)/2(n^2-1)/2 dominoes where each domino covers exactly two neighboring squares and the dominoes don't overlap: CC then covers all but one square on the board. We are allowed to slide (but not rotate) a domino on the board to cover the uncovered square, resulting in a new maximal grid-aligned configuration with another square uncovered. Let k(C)k(C) be the number of distinct maximal grid-aligned configurations obtainable from CC by repeatedly sliding dominoes. Find the maximum value of k(C)k(C) as a function of nn.
Proposed by Holden Mui