MathDB
Upper bound on number of moves

Source: IMO Shortlist 2017 C3

July 10, 2018
IMO Shortlistcombinatorics

Problem Statement

Sir Alex plays the following game on a row of 9 cells. Initially, all cells are empty. In each move, Sir Alex is allowed to perform exactly one of the following two operations:
[*] Choose any number of the form 2j2^j, where jj is a non-negative integer, and put it into an empty cell. [*] Choose two (not necessarily adjacent) cells with the same number in them; denote that number by 2j2^j. Replace the number in one of the cells with 2j+12^{j+1} and erase the number in the other cell.
At the end of the game, one cell contains 2n2^n, where nn is a given positive integer, while the other cells are empty. Determine the maximum number of moves that Sir Alex could have made, in terms of nn.
Proposed by Warut Suksompong, Thailand