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Operations on a blackboard

Source: Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad 2018 - Q2

November 16, 2018
number theoryBrazilian Math OlympiadBrazilian Math Olympiad 2018games

Problem Statement

Azambuja writes a rational number qq on a blackboard. One operation is to delete qq and replace it by q+1q+1; or by q1q-1; or by q12q1\frac{q-1}{2q-1} if q12q \neq \frac{1}{2}. The final goal of Azambuja is to write the number 12018\frac{1}{2018} after performing a finite number of operations. a) Show that if the initial number written is 00, then Azambuja cannot reach his goal. b) Find all initial numbers for which Azambuja can achieve his goal.