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max of p% of all divisors of n with their unit digit equal to 3

Source: 2013 Saudi Arabia IMO TST II p3

July 23, 2020
number theoryDigitDivisors

Problem Statement

For a positive integer nn, we consider all its divisors (including 11 and itself). Suppose that p%p\% of these divisors have their unit digit equal to 33. (For example n=117n = 117, has six divisors, namely 1,3,9,13,39,1171,3,9,13,39,117. Two of these divisors namely 33 and 1313, have unit digits equal to 33. Hence for n=117n = 117, p=33.33...p =33.33...). Find, when nn is any positive integer, the maximum possible value of pp.