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k blue cells in a blue / red n x n grid , S_B- S_R = 50

Source: 2021 Irish Mathematical Olympiad P7

May 30, 2021
combinatoricscombinatorial geometryColoring

Problem Statement

Each square of an n×nn \times n grid is coloured either blue or red, where nn is a positive integer. There are kk blue cells in the grid. Pat adds the sum of the squares of the numbers of blue cells in each row to the sum of the squares of the numbers of blue cells in each column to form SBS_B. He then performs the same calculation on the red cells to compute SRS_R. If SBSR=50S_B- S_R = 50, determine (with proof) all possible values of kk.