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largest k increasing path that is garanteed

Source: Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad 2024, Level 2, Problem 3

October 12, 2024
combinatoricsboard

Problem Statement

The numbers from 11 to 100100 are placed without repetition in each cell of a 10×1010 \times 10 board. An increasing path of length kk on this board is a sequence of cells c1,c2,,ckc_1, c_2, \ldots, c_k such that, for each i=2,3,,ki = 2, 3, \ldots, k, the following properties are satisfied:
• The cells cic_i and ci1c_{i-1} share a side or a vertex; • The number in cic_i is greater than the number in ci1c_{i-1}.
What is the largest positive integer kk for which we can always find an increasing path of length kk, regardless of how the numbers from 1 to 100 are arranged on the board?