MathDB
BULLDOZERS

Source: 2015 IMO Shortlist C1

July 7, 2016
IMO Shortlistcombinatoricsinductionbulldozers

Problem Statement

In Lineland there are n1n\geq1 towns, arranged along a road running from left to right. Each town has a left bulldozer (put to the left of the town and facing left) and a right bulldozer (put to the right of the town and facing right). The sizes of the 2n2n bulldozers are distinct. Every time when a left and right bulldozer confront each other, the larger bulldozer pushes the smaller one off the road. On the other hand, bulldozers are quite unprotected at their rears; so, if a bulldozer reaches the rear-end of another one, the first one pushes the second one off the road, regardless of their sizes.
Let AA and BB be two towns, with BB to the right of AA. We say that town AA can sweep town BB away if the right bulldozer of AA can move over to BB pushing off all bulldozers it meets. Similarly town BB can sweep town AA away if the left bulldozer of BB can move over to AA pushing off all bulldozers of all towns on its way.
Prove that there is exactly one town that cannot be swept away by any other one.