MathDB
Putnam 2008 A3

Source:

December 8, 2008
Putnamnumber theoryleast common multipleinvariantinductionlinear algebramatrix

Problem Statement

Start with a finite sequence a1,a2,,an a_1,a_2,\dots,a_n of positive integers. If possible, choose two indices j<k j < k such that aj a_j does not divide ak a_k and replace aj a_j and ak a_k by gcd(aj,ak) \gcd(a_j,a_k) and lcm(aj,ak), \text{lcm}\,(a_j,a_k), respectively. Prove that if this process is repeated, it must eventually stop and the final sequence does not depend on the choices made. (Note: gcd \gcd means greatest common divisor and lcm means least common multiple.)