MathDB
s^n (F) = F U {a + n|a \in F }

Source: 15th -a QEDMO problem 5 (19. - 22. 10. 2017) https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c1512515_qedmo_2005

May 29, 2021
number theory

Problem Statement

Let FF be a finite subset of the integer numbers. We define a new subset s(F)s(F) in that aZa\in Z lies in s(F)s (F) if and only if exactly one of the numbers aa and a1a -1 in FF. In the same way one gets from s(F)s (F) the set s2(F)=s(s(F))s^2(F) = s (s (F)) and by nn-fold application of ss then iteratively further subsets sn(F)s^n (F). Prove there are infinitely many natural numbers nn for which sn(F)=F{a+naF}s^n (F) = F\cup \{a + n|a \in F\}.