MathDB
MMATHS 2021, TB Problem 2: Expected Value of a Grid

Source:

October 31, 2021
YaleMMATHS

Problem Statement

In any finite grid of squares, some shaded and some not, for each unshaded square, record the number of shaded squares horizontally or vertically adjacent to it; this grid's score is the sum of all numbers recorded this way. Deyuan shades each square in a blank n×nn\times n grid with probability kk; he notices that the expected value of the score of the resulting grid is equal to kk, too! Given that k>0.9999k > 0.9999, find the minimum possible value of nn.
Proposed by Andrew Wu