MathDB
2017-2018 Spring OMO Problem 29

Source:

April 3, 2018
Online Math Open

Problem Statement

Let q<50q<50 be a prime number. Call a sequence of polynomials P0(x),P1(x),P2(x),...,Pq2(x)P_0(x), P_1(x), P_2(x), ..., P_{q^2}(x) tasty if it satisfies the following conditions:
[*] PiP_i has degree ii for each ii (where we consider constant polynomials, including the 00 polynomial, to have degree 00) [*] The coefficients of PiP_i are integers between 00 and q1q-1 for each ii. [*] For any 0i,jq20\le i,j\le q^2, the polynomial Pi(Pj(x))Pj(Pi(x))P_i(P_j(x)) - P_j(P_i(x)) has all its coefficients divisible by qq.
As qq varies over all such prime numbers, determine the total number of tasty sequences of polynomials.
Proposed by Vincent Huang