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the fastest path a submarine to move

Source: Spanish Mathematical Olympiad 1971 P6

December 5, 2022
algebrainequalities

Problem Statement

The velocities of a submerged and surfaced submarine are, respectively, vv and kvkv. It is situated at a point PP at 3030 miles from the center OO of a circle of 6060 mile radius. The surveillance of an enemy squadron forces him to navigate submerged while inside the circle. Discuss, according to the values of kk, the fastest path to move to the opposite end of the diameter that passes through PP . (Consider the case particular k=5k =\sqrt5.)