MathDB
GCD Set Condition

Source: 2021 AMO #4 / JMO #5

April 15, 2021
number theorygreatest common divisorAMCUSA(J)MOUSAMO

Problem Statement

A finite set SS of positive integers has the property that, for each sS,s \in S, and each positive integer divisor dd of ss, there exists a unique element tSt \in S satisfying gcd(s,t)=d\text{gcd}(s, t) = d. (The elements ss and tt could be equal.)
Given this information, find all possible values for the number of elements of SS.