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Sum of squares

Source: KJMO 2023 P3

November 4, 2023
number theorySequence

Problem Statement

Positive integers a1,a2,,a2023a_1, a_2, \dots, a_{2023} satisfy the following conditions.
[*] a1=5,a2=25a_1 = 5, a_2 = 25 [*] an+2=7an+1an6a_{n + 2} = 7a_{n+1}-a_n-6 for each n=1,2,,2021n = 1, 2, \dots, 2021
Prove that there exist integers x,yx, y such that a2023=x2+y2.a_{2023} = x^2 + y^2.