Infinite process on a board
Source: IMO Shortlist 2018 C6
July 17, 2019
IMO ShortlistcombinatoricsIMO shortlist 2018
Problem Statement
Let and be distinct positive integers. The following infinite process takes place on an initially empty board.
[*] If there is at least a pair of equal numbers on the board, we choose such a pair and increase one of its components by and the other by .
[*] If no such pair exists, we write two times the number .Prove that, no matter how we make the choices in , operation will be performed only finitely many times.Proposed by [I]Serbia[/I].