Collapsible arrangements [CMO 2018 - P1]
Source: 2018 Canadian Mathematical Olympiad - P1
March 31, 2018
combinatorics
Problem Statement
Consider an arrangement of tokens in the plane, not necessarily at distinct points. We are allowed to apply a sequence of moves of the following kind: select a pair of tokens at points and and move both of them to the midpoint of and . We say that an arrangement of tokens is collapsible if it is possible to end up with all tokens at the same point after a finite number of moves. Prove that every arrangement of tokens is collapsible if and only if is a power of .