MathDB
x+2, x(x+1)/2

Source: KMO 2023 P2

November 4, 2023
combinatorics

Problem Statement

Sets A0,A1,,A2023A_0, A_1, \dots, A_{2023} satisfy the following conditions:
[*] A0={3}A_0 = \{ 3 \} [*] An={x+2xAn1} {x(x+1)/2xAn1}A_n = \{ x + 2 \mid x \in A_{n - 1} \} \ \cup \{x(x+1) / 2 \mid x \in A_{n - 1} \} for each n=1,2,,2023n = 1, 2, \dots, 2023.
Find A2023|A_{2023}|.