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5B

Part of 2023 LMT Fall

Problems(1)

2023 Fall Theme p5B

Source:

12/23/2023
Bamal, Halvan, and Zuca are playing The Game. To start, they‘re placed at random distinct vertices on regular hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF. Two or more players collide when they‘re on the same vertex. When this happens, all the colliding players lose and the game ends. Every second, Bamal and Halvan teleport to a random vertex adjacent to their current position (each with probability 12\dfrac{1}{2}), and Zuca teleports to a random vertex adjacent to his current position, or to the vertex directly opposite him (each with probability 13\dfrac{1}{3}). What is the probability that when The Game ends Zuca hasn‘t lost?
Proposed by Edwin Zhao
Solution. 2990\boxed{\dfrac{29}{90}} Color the vertices alternating black and white. By a parity argument if someone is on a different color than the other two they will always win. Zuca will be on opposite parity from the others with probability 310\dfrac{3}{10}. They will all be on the same parity with probability 110\dfrac{1}{10}.
At this point there are 2232 \cdot 2 \cdot 3 possible moves. 33 of these will lead to the same arrangement, so we disregard those. The other 99 moves are all equally likely to end the game. Examining these, we see that Zuca will win in exactly 22 cases (when Bamal and Halvan collide and Zuca goes to a neighboring vertex). Combining all of this, the answer is 310+29110=2990\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{2}{9} \cdot \dfrac{1}{10}=\boxed{\dfrac{29}{90}}
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