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Problems
Contests
National and Regional Contests
Serbia Contests
Federal Math Competition of Serbia and Montenegro
2006 Federal Math Competition of S&M
2006 Federal Math Competition of S&M
Part of
Federal Math Competition of Serbia and Montenegro
Subcontests
(4)
Problem 4
3
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guessing a polynomial (Serbia MO 2006 1st Grade P4)
Tatjana imagined a polynomial
P
(
x
)
P(x)
P
(
x
)
with nonnegative integer coefficients. Danica is trying to guess the polynomial. In each step, she chooses an integer
k
k
k
and Tatjana tells her the value of
P
(
k
)
P(k)
P
(
k
)
. Find the smallest number of steps Danica needs in order to find the polynomial Tatjana imagined.
reversing coins in a row
There are
n
n
n
coins aligned in a row. In each step, it is allowed to choose a coin with the tail up (but not one of the outermost markers), remove it and reverse the closest coin to the left and the closest coin to the right of it. Initially, all the coins have tails up. Prove that one can achieve the state with only two coins remaining if and only if
n
−
1
n-1
n
−
1
is not divisible by
3
3
3
.
minimum # of questions to find arrangement of 7x7 board
Milos arranged the numbers
1
1
1
through
49
49
49
into the cells of a
7
×
7
7\times7
7
×
7
board. Djordje wants to guess the arrangement of the numbers. He can choose a square covering some cells of the board and ask Milos which numbers are found inside that square. At least, how many questions does Djordje need so as to be able to guess the arrangement of the numbers?
Problem 3
3
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largest number divisible by each of its digits (Serbia MO 2006 1st Grade P3)
Determine the largest natural number whose all decimal digits are different and which is divisible by each of its digits.
mutually exclusive sets and coprimality
For every natural number
a
a
a
, consider the set
S
(
a
)
=
{
a
n
+
a
+
1
∣
n
=
2
,
3
,
…
}
S(a)=\{a^n+a+1|n=2,3,\ldots\}
S
(
a
)
=
{
a
n
+
a
+
1∣
n
=
2
,
3
,
…
}
. Does there exist an infinite set
A
⊂
N
A\subset\mathbb N
A
⊂
N
with the property that for any two distinct elements
x
,
y
∈
A
x,y\in A
x
,
y
∈
A
,
x
x
x
and
y
y
y
are coprime and
S
(
x
)
∩
S
(
y
)
=
∅
S(x)\cap S(y)=\emptyset
S
(
x
)
∩
S
(
y
)
=
∅
?
projection of tetrahedron onto planes; area ratio
Show that for an arbitrary tetrahedron there are two planes such that the ratio of the areas of the projections of the tetrahedron onto the two planes is not less than
2
\sqrt2
2
.
Problem 2
3
Hide problems
inequality, sum xy>=4sum x^2y^2+5xyz with x+y+z=1 (Serbia MO 2006 1st Grade P2)
Let
x
,
y
,
z
x,y,z
x
,
y
,
z
be positive numbers with
x
+
y
+
z
=
1
x+y+z=1
x
+
y
+
z
=
1
. Show that
y
z
+
z
x
+
x
y
≥
4
(
y
2
z
2
+
z
2
x
2
+
x
2
y
2
)
+
5
x
y
z
.
yz+zx+xy\ge4\left(y^2z^2+z^2x^2+x^2y^2\right)+5xyz.
yz
+
z
x
+
x
y
≥
4
(
y
2
z
2
+
z
2
x
2
+
x
2
y
2
)
+
5
x
yz
.
When does equality hold?
locus of points in square, triangle centers
For an arbitrary point
M
M
M
inside a given square
A
B
C
D
ABCD
A
BC
D
, let
T
1
,
T
2
,
T
3
T_1,T_2,T_3
T
1
,
T
2
,
T
3
be the centroids of triangles
A
B
M
,
B
C
M
ABM,BCM
A
BM
,
BCM
, and
D
A
M
DAM
D
A
M
, respectively. Let
O
M
OM
OM
be the circumcenter of triangle
T
1
T
2
T
3
T_1T_2T_3
T
1
T
2
T
3
. Find the locus of points
O
M
OM
OM
when
M
M
M
takes all positions within the interior of the square.
1/x+1/y=1/p-1/q
Given prime numbers
p
p
p
and
q
q
q
with
p
<
q
p<q
p
<
q
, determine all pairs
(
x
,
y
)
(x,y)
(
x
,
y
)
of positive integers such that
1
x
+
1
y
=
1
p
−
1
q
.
\frac1x+\frac1y=\frac1p-\frac1q.
x
1
+
y
1
=
p
1
−
q
1
.
Problem 1
3
Hide problems
find angle in quadrilateral (Serbia MO 2006 1st Grade P1)
In a convex quadrilateral
A
B
C
D
ABCD
A
BC
D
,
∠
B
A
C
=
∠
D
A
C
=
5
5
∘
\angle BAC=\angle DAC=55^\circ
∠
B
A
C
=
∠
D
A
C
=
5
5
∘
,
∠
D
C
A
=
2
0
∘
\angle DCA=20^\circ
∠
D
C
A
=
2
0
∘
, and
∠
B
C
A
=
1
5
∘
\angle BCA=15^\circ
∠
BC
A
=
1
5
∘
. Find the measure of
∠
D
B
A
\angle DBA
∠
D
B
A
.
comparison of discriminant based on quadratic inequality
Suppose
a
,
b
,
c
,
A
,
B
,
C
a,b,c,A,B,C
a
,
b
,
c
,
A
,
B
,
C
are real numbers with
a
≠
0
a\ne0
a
=
0
and
A
≠
0
A\ne0
A
=
0
such that for all
x
x
x
,
∣
a
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
∣
≤
∣
A
x
2
+
B
x
+
C
∣
.
\left|ax^2+bx+c\right|\le\left|Ax^2+Bx+C\right|.
a
x
2
+
b
x
+
c
≤
A
x
2
+
B
x
+
C
.
Prove that
∣
b
2
−
4
a
c
∣
≤
∣
B
2
−
4
A
C
∣
.
\left|b^2-4ac\right|\le\left|B^2-4AC\right|.
b
2
−
4
a
c
≤
B
2
−
4
A
C
.
sum(x/(y^2+z))>=9/4 if x+y+z=1
Let
x
,
y
,
z
x,y,z
x
,
y
,
z
be positive numbers with the sum
1
1
1
. Prove that
x
y
2
+
z
+
y
z
2
+
x
+
z
x
2
+
y
≥
9
4
.
\frac x{y^2+z}+\frac y{z^2+x}+\frac z{x^2+y}\ge\frac94.
y
2
+
z
x
+
z
2
+
x
y
+
x
2
+
y
z
≥
4
9
.