MathDB

5

Part of 2021 OMpD

Problems(2)

Find the bad apple with the minimum number of moves. Beautiful Problem.

Source: 2021 2nd OMpD L3 P5 - Brazil - Olimphída Matemáticos por Diversão

7/8/2023
Snow White has, in her huge basket, 20212021 apples, and she knows that exactly one of them has a deadly poison, capable of killing a human being hours after ingesting just a measly piece. Contrary to what the fairy tales say, Snow White is more malevolent than the Evil Queen, and doesn't care about the lives of the seven dwarfs. Therefore, she decided to use them to find out which apple is poisonous.
To this end, at the beginning of each day, Snow White prepares some apple salads (each salad is a mixture of pieces of some apples chosen by her), and forces some of the dwarfs (possibly all) to eat a salad each. At the end of the day, she notes who died and who survived, and the next day she again prepares some apple salads, forcing some of the surviving dwarves (possibly all) to eat a salad each. And she continues to do this, day after day, until she discovers the poisoned apple or until all the dwarves die.
(a) Prove that there is a strategy in which Snow White manages to discover the poisoned apple after a few days.
(b) What is the minimum number of days Snow White needs to find the poisoned apple, no matter how lucky she is?
combinatoricsgame strategy
angle wanted, perpendicular on angle bisector, summetric point, circumcircle

Source: 2021 2nd OMpD L2 P5 - Brazil - Olimpíada Matemáticos por Diversão

9/23/2022
Let ABCABC be a triangle with BAC>90o\angle BAC > 90^o and with AB<ACAB < AC. Let rr be the internal bisector of ACB\angle ACB and let ss be the perpendicular, through AA, on rr. Denote by FF the intersection of rr and s s, and denote by EE the intersection of ss with the segment BCBC. Let also DD be the symmetric of AA with respect to the line BFBF. Assuming that the circumcircle of triangle EACEAC is tangent to line ABAB and D D lies on rr, determine the value of CDB\angle CDB.
geometryanglescircumcircle